Assessing the interaction between offender and victim criminal lifestyles & homicide type
Jesenia M. Pizarro, Kristen M. Zgoba, Wesley G. Jennings
This study examined the interaction between victim and offender criminal lifestyles and the characteristics of homicides. Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster and Logistic Regression Analyses were employed to answer the research questions. The findings showed that victims and offenders are similar and that their characteristics influenced the incident etiology. Researchers and practitioners should take into account criminal lifestyles when tailoring homicide prevention strategies.
Evidence of a gene × environment interaction between perceived prejudice and MAOA genotype in the prediction of criminal arrests
Joseph A. Schwartz, Kevin M. Beaver
Recent studies have shown that stressful environments interact with genetic polymorphisms to predict antisocial outcomes. MAOA genotype and perceived prejudice are not related to the probability of arrest when examined independently. MAOA genotype and perceived prejudice do, however, interact to predict the probability of being arrested for males. These findings are consistent with the differential-susceptibility hypothesis.
Reintegration or stigmatization? Offenders’ expectations of community re-entry
Michael L. Benson, Leanne Fiftal Alarid, Velmer S. Burton, Francis T. Cullen
We investigate how incarcerated offenders feel about re-entering their communities. Most offenders do not expect to be stigmatized upon re-entry. Most offenders expect to be reintegrated upon re-entering their communities Racial and ethnic minorities are less likely to expect to be reintegrated than whites. The findings are encouraging for other post-conviction treatment programs.
Estimating the probability of local crime clusters: The impact of immediate spatial neighbors
Martin A. Andresen
We identify local crime clusters using a local indicator of spatial association, local Moran's I. The local crime clusters are then model in a multinomial logistic regression to identify their predictor variables. Knowing the type of immediate spatial neighbours is critical when identifying local crime clusters. Local crime areas relate to their spatial neighbours: low crime areas with high crime neighbours present as high crime areas. Efforts to understand the criminal nature of an area must not consider that area in isolation.
Parenthood and crime: The role of wantedness, relationships with partners, and ses
Peggy C. Giordano, Patrick M. Seffrin, Wendy D. Manning, Monica A. Longmore
Highly disadvantaged young men and women do not report lower average levels of criminal behavior after becoming parents. Young men and women from more advantaged backgrounds do report lower average levels of crime after making these transitions. Pregnancies that were described as wanted reduced female involvement in crime regardless of socioeconomic status. Life history narratives further illustrate the promise and limitations of parenthood as a catalyst for sustained behavior change.
Motives and methods for leaving the gang: Understanding the process of gang desistance
David C. Pyrooz, Scott H. Decker
Modal responses for motives and methods for leaving the gang were internal pushes and non-hostile departures. For one out of every five former gang members, the method of departure involved hostility or ritual violence. Leaving the gang was not met with hostility so long as the motive is for reasons external to the gang. Motives surrounding the key life course parameters of gang membership are consistent with asymmetrical causation.
The genetic origins of psychopathic personality traits in adult males and females: Results from an adoption-based study
Kevin M. Beaver, Meghan W. Rowland, Joseph A. Schwartz, Joseph L. Nedelec
This study examined the genetic basis to psychopathic personality traits using an adoption-based research design. Having a criminal biological father was related to psychopathic personality traits for males, but not for females. These results suggest that the transmission of antisocial and psychopathic traits is partially genetic in origin.
Patterns of criminal achievement in sexual offending: Unravelling the “successful” sex offender
Patrick Lussier, Martin Bouchard, Eric Beauregard
The current study proposes a concept of criminal achievement in the context of sexual offending. There is much variation in criminal achievement both in terms of offending productivity and cost avoidance. A small group of sex offenders are involved in a very large number of sex crime events. The most productive offenders are also those who avoid detection longer, up to 40 years. The successful and productive offenders do not received longer sentences and tend to be classified as low-risk offenders.
The reliability of police employee counts: Comparing FBI and ICMA data, 1954–2008
William R. King, Abdullah Cihan, Justin A. Heinonen
We systematically assess FBI and ICMA counts of police employees in 38 US cities. For most cities we find high levels of reliability between the two data sources. There is some evidence of reporting irregularities in specific cities. Usually reporting errors are temporally bounded.
Social ecology, individual risk, and recidivism: A multilevel examination of main and moderating influences
Marie Skubak Tillyer, Brenda Vose
This study examined main and moderating influences of social ecology on recidivism. We controlled for individual risk using the Level of Service Inventory-Revised. HLM results indicate modest support for contextual effects. The relationship between LSI-R and recidivism did not vary across contexts.
No comments:
Post a Comment
Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.